Biology STAAR (State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness) Practice Test

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What is the main function of ribosomes?

Store genetic information

Replicate DNA

Synthesize proteins

Ribosomes are essential cellular structures primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins. They achieve this through a process called translation, where ribosomes read the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA) and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, ultimately forming a functional protein. This process is crucial for numerous cellular functions, including enzyme activity, structural support, and cell signaling.

The other options do not accurately reflect the role of ribosomes. Storing genetic information is primarily the function of DNA within the nucleus. The replication of DNA is conducted by specialized enzymes, not ribosomes. While ribosomes can be involved in the process indirectly by producing proteins that may help in nutrient transport, their main and direct function is protein synthesis.

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Transport nutrients

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