Biology STAAR (State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness) Practice Test

The pituitary gland is the correct answer because it plays a crucial role in the body's growth and development by secreting growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin. This hormone is essential for stimulating growth in tissues and affects metabolism throughout the body. The anterior lobe of the pituitary specifically produces and releases GH, which facilitates cell growth, regeneration, and tissue maintenance.

In contrast, the thyroid gland primarily produces hormones that regulate metabolism, such as thyroxine and triiodothyronine, but it is not responsible for growth hormone production. The adrenal glands produce hormones involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune function, such as cortisol and adrenaline. The pancreas, on the other hand, is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels through the secretion of insulin and glucagon, but it does not secrete growth hormone. Each of these glands has distinct functions, which highlights the specialized role of the pituitary gland in growth regulation.