Biology STAAR (State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness) Practice Test

Which of the following best describes a virus?

1. A cellular organism that can replicate independently

2. An infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts

3. A type of bacteria with a protective shell

4. A form of life that can grow without a host

The correct answer is: An infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts

The best description of a virus is that it is an infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts. This defines the unique nature of viruses in comparison to other forms of life. Viruses are not cellular organisms; they do not have the cellular structure found in bacteria, plants, or animals, nor can they replicate independently outside of a host cell. Instead, they must invade a living cell in order to reproduce. Once inside a host, a virus hijacks the host's cellular machinery to produce more viral particles. This reliance on a host cell to reproduce is a key characteristic that differentiates viruses from other microorganisms. The other options lack accuracy in describing the fundamental properties of viruses. For instance, viruses do not possess the characteristics of cellular organisms, which include independent metabolism and growth. Additionally, viruses are not bacteria, as they lack the cellular structure and are significantly smaller. Lastly, viruses cannot grow or replicate without a host, which distinguishes them from forms of life that can grow independently.